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Coat of arms of Slovenia

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Coat of arms of Slovenia
ArmigerRepublic of Slovenia
Adopted1991
ShieldAzure, a mountain of three peaks Argent, base barry wavy Argent Azure, in center chief three mullets of 6 Or lower, bordure Gules.

The coat of arms of Slovenia is an emblem[1] that consists of a red bordered blue shield on which there is a stylised white Mount Triglav, under which there are two wavy lines representing the sea and the rivers of the country. Above Mount Triglav, there are three golden six-pointed stars representing the Counts of Celje.[2] It was designed in 1991 by Marko Pogačnik and adopted on 24 June 1991.

History

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Habsburg dynasty

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Historically the modern-day territory of Slovenia consisted of a number of historical lands and territories which were eventually all ruled by the Austrian House of Habsburg. Until the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, the Slovene Lands did not have a coat of arms representing the whole nation; instead, (most of) the constituent lands had their own coats of arms:

  • Arms of the Windic March
    Arms of the Windic March
  • Combined arms of the Counts of Cilli and Sannock
    Combined arms of the Counts of Cilli and Sannock
  • Arms of the Duchy of Carniola
    Arms of the Duchy of Carniola
  • Arms of the Duchy of Carinthia
    Arms of the Duchy of Carinthia
  • Arms of the Duchy of Styria
    Arms of the Duchy of Styria
  • Arms of the County of Gorizia and Gradisca
    Arms of the County of Gorizia and Gradisca
  • Arms of the Austrian Littoral
    Arms of the Austrian Littoral

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

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Lesser coat of arms of Yugoslavia from 1918 to 1941 with the Slovenian arms in the lower half

When the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs merged with Kingdom of Serbia, Slovenia had its first real coat of arms, which actually was a heavily modified one from the Serbian Kingdom. The coat of arms presents the Serbian shield with white cross on the left, the Croatian shield on the right and under both there is a blue shield representing Slovenes. An image of the royal Yugoslav coat of arms can be seen on the 10-Yugoslav dinar banknote of 1926.[3]

Socialist Republic of Slovenia

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The former emblem of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia (1945–1991)

The emblem of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia was designed by Branko Simčič on the basis of the symbol of the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation. It is in the style of socialist emblem of other communist nations. The sea and the mount Triglav motive appeared in the emblem of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, one of six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The former emblem was rounded by wheat with linden leaves and featured a red star at the top. There was also the other emblem which presented Yugoslavia as a whole.

Republic of Slovenia

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A tender for the design of a new coat of arms of Slovenia was published in May 1991. It was won by Marko Pogačnik, whose design was meant to represent Slovenia as a macroregional entity, and to follow in the footsteps of the poet France Prešeren and the architect Jože Plečnik: the arms reflect the description of nature in Prešeren's 19th-century epic The Baptism on the Savica, and are based on Plečnik's informal 1934 proposal for a new coat of arms of Slovenia (in the from of a pillar dedicated to the Virgin Mary outside the parish church of Bled.)[4]

Pogačnik's design was proclaimed the new official coat of arms of Slovenia with the constitutional amendment C 100, which took effect on 24 June 1991.

Historical symbols

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Symbolics

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The geometrical rule for the construction of the national coat of arms of Slovenia

The designer, Marko Pogačnik, has described the coat of arms as a cosmogram, whose purpose is to create an "energetic field" intended to protect the country and stimulate its inner potential.[5]

According to Pogačnik, the silhouette of mount Triglav symbolises the male principle, while the two wavy lines below it - representing the Triglav Lakes Valley, the Slovene seacoast, and rivers in general - symbolise the female principle. The three golden mullets above Triglav, taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje,[6] symbolize democracy.

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As a work of arts, published in the official journal Official Gazette, the national coat of arms of Slovenia qualifies as an official work and is per Article 9 of the Slovene Copyright and Related Rights Act not protected by the copyrights.[7] Its usage is regulated by the Act Regulating the Coat-of-Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Slovenia and the Flag of the Slovene Nation, published in the Official Gazette in 1994.[8]

Criticism

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The coat of arms has been criticized by Aleksander Hribovšek of the Heraldica Slovenica society as heraldically deficient: Mount Triglav (whose choice as a national symbol he questions) and the sea are not represented according to heraldic rules, and the overall arms have no official blazon; the form of shield used is also not heraldically recognised.[9]

References

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  1. ^ Simboli Republike Slovenije [Symbols of the Republic of Slovenia] (PDF) (in Slovenian). Government Communication Office of the Republic of Slovenia. June 2022. p. 23.
  2. ^ "Zakon o grbu, zastavi in himni Republike Slovenije ter o slovenski narodni zastavi" [The Law on the Coat of Arms, the Flag and the Anthem of the Republic of Slovenia and on the Slovene National Flag]. Uradni list [Official Gazette] (in Slovenian). 21 October 1994.
  3. ^ 10 dinar note of 1926 Archived February 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Teran Košir, Alenka (25 June 2011). "Pogačnik: Slovenija bi se morala osamosvojiti od civilizacije" [Pogačnik: Slovenia Should Become Independent from Civilisation]. Planet Siol.net (in Slovenian).
  5. ^ Pogačnik, Marko (2003). "Interview with Marko Pogačnik, the designer of the Slovene coat of arms, carried out before the national celebration in 2003 by the Radio Maribor journalist Barbara Leskovar" (in Slovenian and English). Ljudmila.org.
  6. ^ "Državni simboli niso čarovnija, so pa silen potencial" [National Symbols are not Magic, but Are a Strong Potential]. Primorske.si (in Slovenian). Primorske novice, d.o.o. 26 June 2011. ISSN 1580-4747.
  7. ^ M. B. Jančič, M. B. Breznik, M. Damjan, M. Kovačič, M. Milohnić. Upravljanje avtorskih in sorodnih pravic na Internetu - Vidik javnih inštitucij (in Slovene) [The Management of Copyright and Related Rights on Internet - The Aspect of Public Institutions]. August 2010. Peace Institute; Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana. Pg. 28.
  8. ^ Zakon o grbu, zastavi in himni Republike Slovenije ter o slovenski narodni zastavi (Slovene) [Act Regulating the Coat-of-Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Slovenia and the Flag of the Slovene Nation]. Official Gazette. 67/1994.
  9. ^ "Zgodovina slovenskih državnih grbov" [The History of the Slovene National Coats of Arms]. Slovenska heraldika [Slovene Heraldics] (in Slovenian). 20 December 2011.
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