Hardnesses of the elements (data page)

Atomic number	Chemical symbol	Name	Mohs hardness^[1]	Vickers hardness (MPa)^[1]	Brinell hardness (MPa)^[1]	Brinell hardness (MPa)^{[note 1]}^[2]
3	Li	lithium	0.6	~2	5
4	Be	beryllium	5.5	1,670	590–1,320
5	B	boron	9.3^[3]	49,000 ^[4]
6	C	carbon (graphite)	0.5		5
6	C	carbon (diamond)	10	150,000	~8,000
11	Na	sodium	0.5	~1	0.69
12	Mg	magnesium	2.5		260	44 (cast)
13	Al	aluminium	2.75	160–350	160–550	184
14	Si	silicon	6.5	9,630.1	2,300
15	P	phosphorus	0.5		~5
16	S	sulfur	2
19	K	potassium	0.4		0.363
20	Ca	calcium	1.75	~90	167	416
21	Sc	scandium	2.5	360	736–1,200
22	Ti	titanium	6	830–3,420	716–2,770	1,028
23	V	vanadium	7	628–640	600–628	742
24	Cr	chromium	8.5	1,060	687-6,500	688
25	Mn	manganese	6	500	196
26	Fe	iron	4.5	608	200-1,180	590-1,140
27	Co	cobalt	5.5	1,043	470–3,000	1,291
28	Ni	nickel	4	638	667–1,600	900–1,200
29	Cu	copper	3	343–369	235–878	520
30	Zn	zinc	2.5	300	327–412	480–520
31	Ga	gallium	1.5	500	56.8–68.7
32	Ge	germanium	6	8,012	7,273.4
33	As	arsenic	3.5	1,510	1,440
34	Se	selenium	2		736
35	Br	bromine	0.6
37	Rb	rubidium	0.3		0.216
38	Sr	strontium	1.5
39	Y	yttrium	2.5	400	200–589
40	Zr	zirconium	5	820–1,800	638–1,880	333
41	Nb	niobium	6	870–1,320	735–2,450	735
42	Mo	molybdenum	5.5	1,400–2,740	1,370–2,500	1,340 (cast)
43	Tc	technetium	~3	394	442
44	Ru	ruthenium	6.5	2298.1	2,160	1,795
45	Rh	rhodium	6	1,100–8,000	980–1,350	540
46	Pd	palladium	4.75	400–600	320–610	310
47	Ag	silver	2.5	251	245–250	206
48	Cd	cadmium	2	220	203–220	196
49	In	indium	1.2		8.83-10	9.8
50	Sn	tin	1.5		51–75	292–441 (cast)
51	Sb	antimony	3	300-600	294–384
52	Te	tellurium	2.25		180–270
53	I	iodine	1.5
55	Cs	caesium	0.2		0.147
56	Ba	barium	1.25
57	La	lanthanum	2.5	360–1,750	350–400
58	Ce	cerium	2.5	210–470	186–412
59	Pr	praseodymium	1.5	250–746	250–638
60	Nd	neodymium	1.2	343–746	265–700
61	Pm	promethium	~5	617.8
62	Sm	samarium	1.4	412–441	441–600
63	Eu	europium	3.1	167–200
64	Gd	gadolinium	5.1	510–950
65	Tb	terbium	2.3	450–863	677–1,200
66	Dy	dysprosium	1.8	412–550	500–1,050
67	Ho	holmium	1.7	412–600	500–1,250
68	Er	erbium	2	432–700	600–1,070
69	Tm	thulium	1.8	470–650	471–900
70	Yb	ytterbium	3.5	206–250	343–441
71	Lu	lutetium	2.6	755–1,160	893–1,300
72	Hf	hafnium	5.5	1,520–2,060	1,450–2,100
73	Ta	tantalum	6.5	873–1,200	441-3,430	441–1,224
74	W	tungsten	7.5	3,430–4,600	2,000–4,000	1,960–2,450
75	Re	rhenium	7	1,350-7,850	1,320–2,500
76	Os	osmium	7	4,137	3,920–4,000	3,487
77	Ir	iridium	6.5	1,760–2,200	1,670	2,120
78	Pt	platinum	3.5	400–549	310–500	299
79	Au	gold	2.5	188–216	188–245	189
80	Hg	mercury	1.5		~50
81	Tl	thallium	1.2	20	26.5–44.7
82	Pb	lead	1.5	50	38–50	37.5–41.8 (cast)
83	Bi	bismuth	2.25	~80	70–94.2	70
84	Po	polonium	~2
87	Fr	francium	~0.1
89	Ac	actinium	5.5
90	Th	thorium	3	294–687	390–1,500
91	Pa	protactinium	~4
92	U	uranium	6	1,960–2,500	2,350–3,850

Notes

^ Hardness can vary by several hundred percent depending on the pretreatment, see e.g. Iron#Mechanical properties and Angelo Basile; Fausto Gallucci (2011). Membranes for Membrane Reactors: Preparation, Optimization and Selection. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 30–. ISBN 978-0-470-74652-3.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c G.V. Samsonov, ed. (1968). "Mechanical Properties of the Elements". Handbook of the physicochemical properties of the elements. New York, USA: IFI-Plenum. pp. 387–446. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6066-7_7. ISBN 978-1-4684-6066-7. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02.
^ John Harris; Walter Benenson; Horst Stöcker (2002). Handbook of physics. Springer. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-387-95269-7.
^ Kirk-Othmer, ed. (2001-01-26). Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0215181510011419.a01.pub2. ISBN 978-0-471-48494-3.
^ "The Genetic Atlas".

Notes

References

See also